The functionality found on a contemporary southbridge includes:
`...* PCI bus. The PCI bus support includes the traditional PCI specification, but may also include support for PCI-X and PCI Express. * ISA bus or LPC Bridge. Though the ISA support is rarely utilized, it has interestingly managed to remain an integrated part of the modern southbridge. The LPC Bridge provides a data and control path to the Super I/O (the normal attachment for the keyboard, mouse, parallel port, serial port, IR port, and floppy controller) and FWH (firmware hub which provides access to BIOS flash storage). * SPI bus. The SPI bus is a simple serial bus mostly used for firmware (e.g., BIOS) flash storage access. * SMBus. The SMBus is used to communicate with other devices on the motherboard (e.g., system temperature sensors, fan controllers). * DMA controller. The DMA controller allows ISA or LPC devices direct access to main memory without needing help from the CPU. * Interrupt controllers such as 8259A and/or I/O APIC. The interrupt controller provides a mechanism for attached devices to get attention from the CPU. * Mass storage controllers such as PATA and/or SATA. This typically allows direct attachment of system hard drives. * Real-time clock. The real time clock provides a persistent time account. * Power management (APM and ACPI). The APM or ACPI functions provide methods and signaling to allow the computer to sleep or shut down to save power. * Nonvolatile BIOS memory. The system CMOS, assisted by battery supplemental power, creates a limited non-volatile storage area for system configuration data. * AC`97 or Intel High Definition Audio sound interface...`
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